Ankylosing Spondylitis: Understanding the Chronic Spine Condition

 Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disease that primarily affects the spine and sacroiliac joints, where the spine meets the pelvis. Over time, the inflammation can lead to the fusion of vertebrae, resulting in reduced flexibility, a hunched posture, and chronic pain. AS belongs to a group of diseases known as spondyloarthropathies and typically begins in early adulthood, more commonly in men than women.

Ankylosing Spondylitis: Understanding the Chronic Spine Condition

What Causes Ankylosing Spondylitis?
The exact cause of ankylosing spondylitis is unknown, but both genetic and environmental factors play a role. A significant number of people with AS carry a gene called HLA-B27, which is associated with increased risk of developing the condition. However, not everyone with the gene develops AS, indicating that other factors, such as infections or immune system dysregulation, may be involved.

Symptoms
AS symptoms usually develop gradually and may include:
Chronic back pain and stiffness, especially in the lower back and hips
Pain that improves with exercise but not with rest
Morning stiffness lasting longer than 30 minutes
Fatigue
Reduced flexibility in the spine
Forward-stooped posture in advanced cases

In some cases, AS can also affect other areas, such as:
Joints (hips, shoulders, knees)
Eyes (causing uveitis or iritis)
Heart and lungs (in rare cases)

Diagnosis
Diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis involves a combination of:

Medical history and physical examination
Imaging tests:
X-rays (to detect sacroiliitis and spinal changes)
MRI (to catch early inflammation)

Blood tests:
Checking for HLA-B27
Inflammatory markers (ESR, CRP)

Early diagnosis is crucial to prevent irreversible damage and manage symptoms effectively.

Treatment
There is no cure for AS, but treatment can help control symptoms and slow disease progression. Options include:

1. Medications:
NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs): First-line treatment for reducing pain and inflammation
Biologic agents (TNF inhibitors, IL-17 inhibitors): Used when NSAIDs are ineffective
DMARDs (Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs): May help with peripheral joint symptoms
Corticosteroids: Occasionally used to manage flares

2. Physical Therapy:
Core component of treatment to maintain posture, flexibility, and mobility
Includes stretching, strengthening, and aerobic exercises

3. Lifestyle Modifications:
Regular exercise (swimming, walking, yoga)
Avoid smoking (as it worsens spinal damage)
Good posture practices
Balanced diet and weight management

4. Surgical Intervention:
Rarely needed, but may be considered for severe joint damage or spinal deformity

Complications
If untreated, AS can lead to:
Spinal fusion (ankylosis)
Limited mobility
Chronic pain
Osteoporosis
Cardiovascular and lung complications
Eye inflammation (uveitis)

Living with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Ankylosing spondylitis is a lifelong condition, but many individuals manage it successfully with appropriate treatment and lifestyle changes. Early intervention, regular follow-ups with a rheumatologist, and a proactive approach to physical activity and self-care are key to maintaining a good quality of life.

Conclusion
Ankylosing spondylitis is a serious but manageable condition that primarily affects the spine and joints. With early diagnosis and a comprehensive treatment plan, individuals with AS can minimize symptoms, maintain mobility, and lead active, fulfilling lives. If you experience persistent back pain and stiffness, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity, consult a healthcare professional to evaluate the possibility of AS and begin early management.

Contact us :-
Dr. Sarthak Kadakia | Best Spine Surgeon in Borivali | Spine Specialist in Mumbai
Contact : 9701549701
E-mail : drsarthakkadakia@gmail.com
Website : https://drsarthakkadakiaspine.com/